Which of the following is NOT considered a passive investment strategy?

Yield curve optimization is not considered a passive investment strategy because it involves actively adjusting the portfolio in response to changes in interest rates and the shape of the yield curve. This strategy requires frequent analysis and trading to enhance returns based on market conditions rather than maintaining a consistent investment approach that mirrors a specific benchmark or index. Active strategies like yield curve optimization aim to time the market and capitalize on perceived opportunities, which contrasts with passive strategies that seek to replicate market performance without such interventions.

In contrast, matching disbursements, laddering, and cash horizon investing are all designed to achieve specific investment goals while minimizing the need for active management. Matching disbursements ensures that cash flows align with future obligations, laddering involves structuring fixed-income investments to have staggered maturities, and cash horizon investing focuses on the timing of cash needs, all of which emphasize a more stable and predictable approach to managing investments.